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Namita Mohanty ¹, Prabhudarsan Sahoo ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Utkal University Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The present study examined the role of personality type and gender on self-concept and well-being of young adults. A 2 (gender) × 2 (personality type) factorial design was used to conduct the research. 200 college students, including 100 males (50 with Type A and 50 with Type B personality) and 100 females (50 with Type A and 50 with Type B personality) with a mean age of 23 years were randomly sampled. Results revealed that females had better self-concept and higher well-being compared to their male counterparts. On the other hand, subjects with Type B personality had higher self-concept and well-being than those with Type A personality. Personality type and gender interaction effect showed that males with Type B personality had optimal well-being compared to all other groups. Moreover, a significant positive relationship was found between self-concept and well-being. It was concluded that not merely biology but the socialization practices also played a vital role in influencing the self-concept and well-being experienced by the individuals. The major implications of the study were highlighted.

Keywords

Personality Type, Gender, Self-Concept, Well-Being, Young Adults.

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Namita Mohanty ¹, Priyanka Dalal ¹, Prabhudarsan Sahoo ¹

Affiliations
1 P.G. Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The present study examined the Ethical values and Attitude towards women of students pursuing Intermediate and Post graduate classes. It also explored gender difference with regard to these two variables.A 2(Gender) x 2(Class) factorial design was adopted for the research. The study was conducted on a sample of 200 subjects, 100 students (50 males and 50 females) each from Intermediate and Post graduate classes. Results revealed that compared to males, females were more ethical and had more favorable attitude towards women. The other important finding was that the students of Intermediate class were having more positive attitude towards women than their Post graduate counterparts. Moreover, a positive significant correlation was found between Ethical values and Attitude towards women revealing that students with high ethical values also had more positive attitude towards women.The research findings were discussed in the light of socio-cultural practices and changes in perspectives that influenced the ethical values and attitudes of the younger generation towards women.

Keywords

Ethical Values, Attitude, Women, Students.

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Namita Mohanty ¹, Sarita Mishra Kolhe ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The aim of this review article is to highlight on the perspective, theories, research, importance and application of Psychological Capital (Psycap) for gaining competitive advantage for individuals, teams and organizations. Psycap is one of the core, pivotal constructs in the area of Positive Organizational Behavior (POB) and Psychology. This is considered as critical for the development and management of talent in an organization. Providing a more targeted and updated review especially on “HERO” the components of Psycap like Hope, Efficacy, Resilience and Optimism and linking Psycap to other organizational “intangible resources” such as team work, authentic leadership and work engagement has been quite a challenging task. As a higher order core construct, Psycap turns out to be synergistic. Psycap as a whole, is greater than the sum of its parts. The basic underlying theoretical mechanism connecting all the four components is a positive appraisal of circumstances, and probability for success based on motivated effort as well as perseverance. In more analytical terms, it is through the discriminant validity across the four individual Psycap capacities that each adds unique variance and becomes additive to overall Psycap. Furthermore, both conceptual developments and empirical evidence support the convergent validity of the four components of Psycap that meet POB criteria.

Keywords

Psychological Capital, POB, HERO.

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Namita Mohanty ¹, Manoranjan Nayak ¹

Affiliations
1 Dapartment of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The present study aimed at finding out the role of Gender and SES on achievement motivation, self-esteem and adjustment problems of adolescents. A 2(Gender) ×2 (SES) factorial design was used to conduct the research. A total number of one hundred and twenty students, including 60 boys and 60 girls, studying in class IX and X of Odia medium schools from rural Odisha were administered the Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status Scale (Kuppuswamy, 1976). On the basis of their scores on the scale, 29 boys and 26 girls belonged to High SES group and 31 boys and 34 girls fell into Low SES group. Rao's Achievement Motivation Test (Rao, 1974), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), and The School Adjustment Inventory (Sinha & Singh, 1971) were administered on the subjects. Results revealed significant effect of Gender on all the three variables. Even though boys had higher achievement motivation, they had lower self-esteem and more adjustment problems compared to that of the girls. Inter-correlation among self-esteem, achievement motivation and adjustment problems of adolescents were also found to be significant. The findings were discussed in terms of gender role stereotypes tagged up with the process of socialization, discriminatory classroom practices and developmental changes during adolescence. Major implications were highlighted.

Keywords

Adolescents, Rural, Achievement Motivation, Self-Esteem, Adjustment Problems, Gender, SES.

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Saswati Jena ¹, Namita Mohanty ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The present study focused to find out the role of age, gender and their interaction on Academic anxiety, Perception of social media and Mental health of adolescents. For the exploration of the objectives, a 2 (Age) x 2 (Gender) factorial design was adopted. The sample consisted of 400 adolescent school students studying in high schools (class IX and X) and higher secondary schools (class XI to XII) with a mean age of 15.5 years. It included 200 males and 200 females. Out of them, there were 100 males and 100 females each in early and late adolescents. Results revealed that female adolescents had higher Academic anxiety compared to their male counterparts, and the age and gender interaction effect indicated that females in late adolescence experienced the highest level of academic anxiety. Neither gender nor age had any significant effect on Perception of social media. In the context of mental health, early adolescents had better Mental health than those in late adolescence. Results were discussed on the light of fast changing social life, ethical values, gender sensitization and the impact of digital media on the young minds of the growing adolescents who desired to stay connected 24 X 7 with a virtual world for instant pleasure and gratification of personal-social needs.

Keywords

Adolescence, Academic Anxiety, Social Media, Mental Health.

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Namita Mohanty ¹, Jitendra Mohanty ², Prabhudarsan Sahoo ³, Kalpana Sahoo ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN
2 Department of Management, KSOM, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN
3 Department of Psychology, Nayagarh Autonomous College, Nayagarh, Odisha, IN
4 XIMB, Bubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

World Health Organization has viewed well-being as a state of equilibrium at the physical, mental, social and spiritual domains. "How" aspects or dynamics of well-being based on theoretical framework help us to understand the process nature of well-being. These ideas are extremely helpful in developing well-ness enhancement programmes. Intentional activity theory suggests that volitional activities where energy is spent increases well-being. Telic or end-point theories posit that well-being is gained when goal or need is reached and persistence of unfulfilled needs are responsible for unhappiness. According to Bottom-up theory happy life is the accumulation of happy moments. In contrast, top-down theory advocates for a global propensity to experience things in a positive manner. Cognitive approach to Associationistic theories suggests that events attributed to internal and stable factors bring in maximum well-being. Judgment theories based on comparison views that people experience well-being when they find themselves to be better off than others. According to Adaptation theory recent changes produce happiness and unhappiness. But people eventually adapt to the overall level of events and restore happiness. Proactive theory predicts that the greatest happiness is experienced by those who have negatively skewed distribution of events. Another popular form of judgment theory advocates that the less the discrepancy between the actual condition and aspiration the greater is the happiness. Thus, there are different theoretical routes to understand the process nature of well-being. A crucial examination of their relative strengths is a challenging task before the researchers.

Keywords

Wellbeing, Happiness, Theoretical Perspective.

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Namita Mohanty ¹, Priyanka Patnaik ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The present study was based on a 2 (Work status) x 3 (Age) factorial design to examine the role of work status and age on general efficacy, perceived stress, marital adjustment and mental well-being of married working and non-working women across three age groups. The sample consisted of 120 married women (60 working & 60 non-working) from young age (25-34 years), middle age (35-44 years) and late age group (45-55 years). Thus, there were 20 working and 20 non-working married women m each of the three age groups. Results revealed a significant mam effect of work status with respect to perceived stress. Non-working women experienced higher level of stress compared to their working counterparts. On the other hand, age had a significant effect on efficacy and women in late age were more efficacious than the middle aged women. Work status and age interaction effect revealed that young non-working women had better marital adjustment compared to all other groups. On the basis of Regression analysts, marital adjustment emerged as the most powerful predictor of mental well-being of married women. Results were discussed in the light socialization practices, gender role expectations, empowerment through economic independence and psycho-social needs across different age groups of working and non-working married women.

Keywords

Working Women, Efficacy, Stress, Marital Adjustment, Well-Being.

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Namita Mohanty ¹, Swagatika Mohapatra ¹, Jitendra Mohanty ², Prabhudarsan Sahoo ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN
2 Department of Management, KSOM, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN
3 Department of Psychology, Nayagarh Autonomous College, Nayagarh, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The present study examined the effects of cultural identity and gender on academic anxiety, self-concept and academic performance of high school tribal and non-tribal adolescent students. The research adopted a 2 (Cultural identity) x 2 (Gender) factorial design. The sample consisted of 200 subjects, 100 tribal and 100 non-tribal high school students. There were 50 boys and 50 girls each from the tribal and non-tribal category. Results revealed that girls experienced higher academic anxiety than boys and non-tribal students had better self-concept than their tribal counterparts. In academics boys performed better than the girls. Moreover, a significant positive relationship between academic anxiety and self-concept of tribal students indicated that in spite of having higher self-concept, tribal students experienced greater academic anxiety. Results were interpreted in terms of differential exposure and experiences to socio-cultural as well as educational practices prevalent in tribal andnon-tribal societies.

Keywords

Cultural Identity, Gender, Academic Anxiety, Self-Concept, Academic Performance.

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Namita Mohanty ¹, Mausumi Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psyehology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The present study examined the role of educational streams and gender on n-achievement, stress and mental health of young adults. It was based on a 2 (Gender) x 3 (Streams) factorial design. The sample consisted of 180 subj ects (90 males & 90 females) pursuing Master degree programme at Utkal University, Odisha in science, arts and commerce streams. Results revealed that females had higher n-achievement than males, and students in science stream had better mental health compared to their counterparts in arts and commerce streams. Stream x Gender interaction had significant effects on all the three dependent variables. Females of arts streams had the highest n- achievement whereas maximum stress was experienced by the female students in science stream. But in case of mental health, male students of science stream were better compared to all other groups of subjects. Results were interpreted on the basis of socio-cultural practices relating to gender role stereotypes, need for higher education, economic, social independence and emancipation of women as well as variation in opportunities available for employment of post graduate students in different streams.

Keywords

N-Achievement, Stress, Mental Health, Gender, Streams.

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